|
Cousin marriage is marriage between people with a common grandparent or between people who share another relatively recent ancestor. Such marriages range from being considered ideal and actively encouraged, to being uncommon but still legal, to being seen as incestuous and legally prohibited. Such marriages are largely stigmatized in the Western world,〔 but they remain relatively common in the Middle East, where they account for over half of all marriages in some nations.〔 Worldwide, more than one in every ten marriages is between first and second cousins.〔 One type of marriage which has been allowed in many cultures is cross-cousin marriage. This kind was common among aboriginal tribes in Australia, North America, South America, and Polynesia in the past.〔Zhaoxiang 2001.〕 Various religions have ranged from prohibiting sixth cousins or closer from marrying to freely allowing first-cousin marriage. Cousin marriage is an important topic in anthropology and alliance theory.〔 Children of first-cousin marriages have a doubled risk of genetic disorders (although scientists contend that this is relatively small at five percent, compared with a three percent risk for children whose parents are not genetically related to each other).〔〔 Supporters of cousin marriage in the West may view legal bans as discrimination,〔〔 while opponents may appeal to moral or other arguments.〔(The Love That Dare Not Speak Its Surname: What's wrong with marrying your cousin? )〕 While many countries across the world continue to allow cousins to marry, the practice is banned in most U.S. states, southeastern Europe, China, Taiwan, the Koreas and the Philippines. == History == According to Professor Robin Fox of Rutgers University, it is likely that 80% of all marriages in history may have been between second cousins or closer.〔 The founding population of ''Homo sapiens'' was small, anywhere from 700 to 10,000 individuals. Considering the population dispersal caused by a hunter-gatherer existence, a certain amount of inbreeding would have been inevitable.〔Bittles and Black 2009〕 Proportions of first-cousin marriage in the United States, Europe and other Western countries like Brazil have declined since the 19th century, though even during that period they were not more than 3.63 percent of all unions in Europe.〔Ottenheimer 1996, pp. 58, 92〕〔Freire-Maia 1957〕 In some other world regions, cousin marriage is still strongly favored: in the Middle East, some countries have seen the rate rise over previous generations. One study finds stable rates among Indian Muslims over the past four decades.〔Bittles 1994, p. 563〕〔The National 2009〕〔Bittles 2000〕 Cousin marriage has often been chosen to keep cultural values intact through many generations and to preserve familial wealth, sometimes via advantages relating to dowry or bride price. Other reasons for cousin marriage may include geographic proximity, tradition, strengthening of family ties, maintenance of family structure, or a closer relationship between the wife and her in-laws. Many such marriages are arranged and facilitated by other extended family members〔〔(Richard Conniff. "Go Ahead, Kiss Your Cousin." )〕〔〔Bittles 1994, p. 567〕〔Bittles and Black 2009, Section 7〕 (see also pages on arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent, arranged marriages in Pakistan, and arranged marriages in Japan). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cousin marriage」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|